Why Do We Have Dams? - National Science Standards   [Standards] [Teachers] [Students] [Related Hot Links] [Pre-Program Activities]   Understanding about Scientific Inquiry Different kinds of questions suggest different kinds of scientific investigations. Some investigations involve observing and describing objects, organisms, or events; some involve collecting specimens; some involve experiments; some involve seeking more information; some involve discovery of new objects and phenomena; and, some involve making models.   Mathematics is important in all aspects of scientific inquiry.   Technology used to gather data enhances accuracy and allows scientists to analyze and quantify results of investigations.   Earth and Space Science Land forms are the result of a combination of constructive and destructive forces. Constructive forces include crustal deformation, volcanic eruption, and deposition of sediment, while destructive forces include weathering and erosion.   Science , Technology and Society Perfectly designed solutions do not exist. All technological solutions have trade-offs, such as safety, cost, efficiency, and appearance. Engineers often build in back-up systems to provide safety. Risk is part of living in a highly technological world. Reducing risk often results in new technology.   Technological designs have constraints. Some constraints are unavoidable, for example, properties of materials, or effects of weather and friction; other constraints limit choices in the design, for example, environmental protection, human safety, and aesthetics.   Technological solutions have intended benefits and unintended consequences. Some consequences can be predicted, others cannot.   Human activities also can induce hazards through resource acquisition, urban growth, land-use decisions, and waste disposal. Such activities can accelerate many natural changes.